An Achilles tendon rupture is one of the most common tendon injuries, accounting for 40% of all surgically repaired tendon ruptures. Alarmingly, about 25% of these injuries are initially missed, potentially leading to chronic weakness and loss of function.1 Here’s how to recognize and treat this injury effectively.
What Causes an Achilles Tendon Rupture?
Achilles tendon ruptures are caused when stress is applied to an already contracted tendon located at the back of your heel, often during high-impact activities. Common mechanisms of injury include:
- A rapid push-off with an extended knee.
- Sudden, unexpected dorsiflexion of the ankle.
- Direct injury to the Achilles Tendon
Risk Factors to Consider
- Age and gender play a significant role, with middle-aged men being the most commonly affected group. This is especially true of "weekend warriors"—individuals who engage in occasional, intense physical activity without regular conditioning.
- Preexisting degenerative changes in the tendon, even in the absence of noticeable symptoms, are frequently observed in those who experience a rupture.
- Certain medical conditions, such as obesity or metabolic disorders, may also weaken the tendon over time, increasing the risk of injury.
- Specific medications, particularly corticosteroids and fluoroquinolone antibiotics, are known to impair tendon health.
Symptoms of an Achilles Tendon Rupture
If you hear a sudden "pop" in the back of your leg, followed by sharp pain, difficulty walking, or a gap in the tendon above the heel, you may have experienced an Achilles tendon rupture. Bruising and swelling are also common signs.
Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Dr. Ho emphasizes the importance of prompt diagnosis, which often relies on patient history and a physical exam. Imaging, like MRI, may be used to confirm partial tears or rule out other injuries.
Non-Surgical Treatment: Immobilization with a boot or brace and a structured rehabilitation program may suffice for less active patients or partial tears.
Surgical Repair: In active individuals, minimally invasive surgery is often recommended to reattach the tendon. Surgical treatment has a lower risk of re-rupture and enables a faster return to activities.
Prevention and Recovery
Preventative measures include proper warm-ups, stretching, and avoiding overtraining. Recovery typically takes 6-12 months, but timely treatment significantly improves outcomes.
Dr. Ho is committed to helping patients regain mobility and confidence. If you suspect an Achilles tendon rupture, schedule your consultation today.
AUTHOR: Dr. Bryant S. Ho is board-certified in orthopedic surgery and is trained in the operative and non-operative management of adolescent and adult foot and ankle disorders. Dr. Ho places a strong emphasis on customizing his care for each patient to ensure successful outcomes. He provides all treatment options, including preventative care, conservative management, and operative intervention.
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